Results of multi-level logistic regression analysis examining potential risks for active transportation injury associated with engagement in active transportation to school (N=20 076)
| Injury type: active transportation level | N | % Injured | Bivariate model, OR (95% CI) | Model 1*, OR (95% CI) | Model 2†, OR (95% CI) | Model 3‡, OR (95% CI) |
| Active transportation injuries | ||||||
| No | 13 488 | 1.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes: short distance | 5049 | 2.1 | 1.17 (0.92 to 1.50) | 1.13 (0.88 to 1.45) | 1.12 (0.87 to 1.44) | 1.13 (0.88 to 1.44) |
| Yes: long distance | 1539 | 2.7 | 1.56 (1.10 to 2.21) | 1.53 (1.08 to 2.17) | 1.55 (1.09 to 2.20) | 1.52 (1.08 to 2.15) |
| p Trend | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | ||
| Walking/running injuries | ||||||
| No | 13 488 | 0.4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes: short distance | 5049 | 0.8 | 1.54 (1.01 to 2.35) | 1.59 (1.04 to 2.44) | 1.52 (0.99 to 2.34) | 1.49 (0.98 to 2.29) |
| Yes: long distance | 1539 | 0.8 | 1.47 (0.78 to 2.79) | 1.52 (0.80 to 2.88) | 1.44 (0.76 to 2.73) | 1.43 (0.76 to 2.70) |
| p Trend | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.08 | ||
| Bicyling injuries | ||||||
| No | 13 488 | 1.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes: short distance | 5049 | 1.3 | 1.02 (0.76 to 1.39) | 0.95 (0.70 to 1.29) | 0.95 (0.70 to 1.31) | 0.98 (0.72 to 1.33) |
| Yes: long distance | 1539 | 1.9 | 1.59 (1.05 to 2.40) | 1.49 (0.98 to 2.25) | 1.59 (1.05 to 2.41) | 1.55 (1.03 to 2.35) |
| p Trend | 0.08 | 0.20 | 0.13 | 0.13 | ||
↵* Adjusted for individual-level variables (gender, age, ethnicity, family socioeconomic status, perceived neighbourhood safety and participation in organised sports).
↵† Adjusted for retained individual-level variables (age) and area-level variables (urban/rural geographic status, street connectivity, speed limit surrounding school, % roads with speed limit ≤60 km/h, total length of roads, school neighbourhood median family income, total rain and total snow).
↵‡ Adjusted for retained individual (age) and area-level (urban/rural geographic status) variables.