Road traffic deaths (n=676) according to gender, in association with individual and municipal characteristics, for 609 807 Norwegians born between 1967 and 1976 and followed-up from age 16 to 20 years*
| Characteristic | Total | Females | Males | |||
| RR† | 95% CI | RR† | 95% CI | RR† | 95% CI | |
| Individual level variables | ||||||
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 1 | Ref. | 1 | Ref. | 1 | Ref. |
| Male | 3.35 | 2.79 to 4.01 | ||||
| Year of birth | 0.93 | 0.90 to 0.95 | 0.94 | 0.87 to 1.01 | 0.92 | 0.89 to 0.96 |
| Parental education level | ||||||
| Tertiary, high | 1 | Ref. | 1 | Ref. | 1 | Ref. |
| Tertiary, low | 1.17 | 0.72 to 1.91 | 0.78 | 0.33 to 1.82 | 1.41 | 0.77 to 2.56 |
| Upper secondary, complete | 2.01 | 1.27 to 3.20 | 1.12 | 0.49 to 2.53 | 2.55 | 1.44 to 4.52 |
| Upper secondary, basic | 2.04 | 1.29 to 3.22 | 1.18 | 0.53 to 2.61 | 2.56 | 1.46 to 4.51 |
| Lower secondary or less | 2.66 | 1.65 to 4.28 | 1.12 | 0.47 to 2.66 | 3.63 | 2.03 to 6.49 |
| Father's income quartile | ||||||
| Highest | 1 | Ref. | 1 | Ref. | 1 | Ref. |
| Third | 0.89 | 0.69 to 1.14 | 1.12 | 0.67 to 1.90 | 0.83 | 0.62 to 1.10 |
| Second | 0.80 | 0.62 to 1.03 | 0.67 | 0.37 to 1.21 | 0.82 | 0.62 to 1.09 |
| Lowest | 0.85 | 0.66 to 1.09 | 1.31 | 0.77 to 2.23 | 0.74 | 0.55 to 0.99 |
| Missing | 1.08 | 0.77 to 1.51 | 1.17 | 0.56 to 2.43 | 1.04 | 0.71 to 1.52 |
| Mother's marital status | ||||||
| Married | 1 | Ref. | 1 | Ref. | 1 | Ref. |
| Unmarried | 1.31 | 1.07 to 1.59 | 1.31 | 0.87 to 1.96 | 1.30 | 1.04 to 1.63 |
| Missing | 1.59 | 0.93 to 2.71 | 0.53 | 0.07 to 3.79 | 1.88 | 1.07 to 3.28 |
| Municipal level variables | ||||||
| Proportion high-income earners (quartiles) | ||||||
| Highest | 1 | Ref. | 1 | Ref. | 1 | Ref. |
| Third | 1.41 | 1.01 to 1.97 | 1.84 | 1.04 to 3.25 | 1.36 | 0.96 to 1.94 |
| Second | 1.72 | 1.24 to 2.38 | 1.80 | 1.00 to 3.24 | 1.79 | 1.27 to 2.51 |
| Lowest | 1.94 | 1.39 to 2.71 | 2.53 | 1.37 to 4.67 | 1.93 | 1.35 to 2.75 |
| Urbanisation | ||||||
| Urban | 1 | Ref. | 1 | Ref. | 1 | Ref. |
| Rural | 1.08 | 0.86 to 1.24 | 0.79 | 0.49 to 1.25 | 1.18 | 0.92 to 1.50 |
| Random effect, intercept variability (SE) | 0.116 | (0.048) | 0.035 | (0.172) | 0.079 | (0.057) |
↵* 1847 Participants with missing data on parental education or municipality were not included in the analysis.
↵† RR in a model including gender, year of birth, parental education level, father's income level, mother's marital status, municipal proportion of high-income earners, and municipal urbanisation.