Intervention studies measuring fire related morbidity and mortality
| Intervention | Country (population) | Study period | Study design | Subjects (intervention group) | Subjects (control group) | Data sources | Outcomes measured | Results (control group or before) | Results (intervention group or after) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Notes: E-quasi = quasiexperimental design; E-natural = natural experiment; SD = smoke detector. | ||||||||||
| Smoke detector giveaways | USA (county) | 1987–90 | E-quasi | Urban area with highest injury rates (n=10 100) | Remainder of the city | Hospital, fire, medical examiner, vital statistics reports, media | Incidence-density ratio, before v after | 1.1 (95% CI 0.7 to 1.7) | 0.2 (95% CI 0.1 to 0.4) | 5 |
| Rate ratio of injury rate/100 fires before v after | 1.3 (95% CI 0.9 to 2.0) | 0.3 (95% CI 0.1 to 0.6) | ||||||||
| USA (city) | 1984–5 | Program evaluation | Urban areas with substandard housing | No control group | Mortality data | Residential fire death | 32 in 1984 | 16 in 1985 | 53 | |
| Firefighter report of averted injury due to SD | Averted injury (# cases) | Unknown | 65 | |||||||
| Education program | USA (cities) | 1977–8 | E-quasi | Communities exposed to intensive education programs | Similar communities | Hospital records | Incidence rate ratio, before v after | 1.0 (95% CI 0.6 to 1.5) | School program 1.4 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.6) | 54 |
| Community program 0.8 (95%CI 0.5 to 1.1) | ||||||||||
| Media campaign 1.2 (95% CI 0.8 to 1.7) | ||||||||||
| Media campaign, product and legislation changes | Denmark (city: burn unit) | 1968–84 | E-natural | Burn unit referral area | No control group | Morbidity and mortality data | Burn injury incidence | 3% Decrease per year | 55 | |