Hierarchy of outcomes used in the evaluation of injury interventions
| Injury outcome | Data sources | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Adapted from National Committee for Injury Prevention and Control, 1989.43 | ||
| (A) Actual injuries | ||
| 1. Fatal injury | Death certificates | Refrigerator entrapment deaths15 |
| 2. Hospitalized injury | Hospital discharge data | Child clothing related burns38 |
| 3. Emergency department treated injury | Emergency department records | Bottle deposit law and glass related lacerations10 |
| 4. Any medically treated injury | All medical clinics and emergency departments | Softball related sliding injuries39 |
| (B) Surrogate indicators associated with injuries | ||
| 1. Observed behavior | Observers at selected times and places | Child car safety seats40 |
| 2. Environmental changes | Survey of hazards or safety devices | Home smoke detectors41 |
| 3. Policy changes | Monitoring regulatory activities | Home hot tap water temperatures42 |
| 4. Self reported behavior | Survey sample of individuals | Bicycle helmet use8 |
| 5. Knowledge, attitude, and beliefs | Survey sample of individuals | Students' knowledge of safety practices19 |