ORs for injury for selected playground hazards and other risk factors
| Bivariate analysis | Multivariate analysis† | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Cases (n=45) | Controls (n=90) | Crude OR | 95% CI | Adjusted OR | 95% CI |
| *Reference category. | ||||||
| †By conditional logistic regression (forward stepwise selection,) controlling for matching factors and considering frequency of play, number of hazards, surface materials, inadequate handrails and guardrails, sharp edges, and protrusions. | ||||||
| ‡Six missing values in cases, 10 in controls. | ||||||
| Surface materials | ||||||
| Met both CPSC and CSA standards | 2 | 36 | 1.0* | 1.0* | ||
| Met CSA but not CPSC standard | 24 | 33 | 11.0 | 2.5 to 48.6 | 18.2 | 3.3 to 99.9 |
| Did not meet either standard | 19 | 21 | 14.9 | 3.1 to 70.8 | 21.0 | 3.4 to 128.1 |
| Inadequate handrails/guardrails | ||||||
| No | 12 | 66 | 1.0* | 1.0* | ||
| Yes | 33 | 24 | 4.8 | 2.3 to 10.0 | 6.7 | 2.6 to 17.5 |
| Frequency of play | ||||||
| 1–2 times a month | 1 | 8 | 1.0* | |||
| 1–3 times a week | 8 | 27 | 2.2 | 0.2 to 19.6 | ||
| 4–7 times a week | 36 | 55 | 4.8 | 0.6 to 39.1 | ||
| No of hazards identified | ||||||
| 0–3 | 7 | 34 | 1.0* | |||
| 4–7 | 15 | 35 | 1.9 | 0.7 to 5.5 | ||
| 8–11 | 16 | 15 | 4.3 | 1.4 to 13.3 | ||
| 12+ | 9 | 6 | 6.7 | 1.8 to 25.6 | ||
| Sharp edges identified | ||||||
| No | 13 | 47 | 1.0* | |||
| Yes | 32 | 43 | 3.0 | 1.3 to 7.2 | ||
| Protrusion hazards identified | ||||||
| No | 36 | 86 | 1.0* | |||
| Yes | 9 | 4 | 5.5 | 1.5 to 20.7 | ||
| Non-encroachment zone met CSA standards | ||||||
| No | 41 | 87 | 1.0* | |||
| Yes | 4 | 3 | 3.4 | 0.6 to 18.9 | ||
| Entrapment hazards | ||||||
| No | 22 | 52 | 1.0* | |||
| Yes | 23 | 38 | 1.4 | 0.7 to 2.8 | ||
| Pinch points identified | ||||||
| No | 40 | 86 | 1.0* | |||
| Yes | 5 | 4 | 2.5 | 0.7 to 9.3 | ||
| Operator of playground | ||||||
| Municipality | 2 | 37 | 1.0* | |||
| School board | 43 | 53 | 12.4 | 2.9 to 53.3 | ||
| Total family income (C$)‡ | ||||||
| 0–19 999 | 11 | 16 | 1.0* | |||
| 20–39 999 | 6 | 27 | 0.3 | 0.1 to 1.0 | ||
| 40–59 999 | 8 | 18 | 0.6 | 0.2 to 1.7 | ||
| 60 000 | 14 | 18 | 1.2 | 0.4 to 3.6 | ||