Table 1 Demographic features of the intervention and reference cities
DemographicsGuangzhou(intervention)Nanning(reference)
Population11 787 1006 697 000
Annual income per capita (¥)15 00310 078
Length of highways (km)54386127
Vehicle fleet1 722 105875 822
    Motorcycles59.7%75.2%
    Cars38.7%12.4%
    Taxis0.9%0.4%