Table 5

Relative risk (RR) and population attributable risk percentages for risk factors by fracture site and age group*

Risk factor	Fracture site	Age group	RR†	Cases exposed		Population attributable risk (%)
Risk factor	Fracture site	Age group	RR†	No	%‡	Population attributable risk (%)
*Data are presented only for those risk factors, anatomic sites, and age groups for which the lower confidence bound of the relative risk estimate was greater than 1. Diagnoses were recorded at any time before index date (except for road collisions, which were recorded within 90 days before index date). Subjects were considered users of the drugs listed if they had any prescription for a drug in the therapeutic class recorded within 30 days before the index date. For smoking categories, the reference group comprised non-smokers. For body mass index (BMI) categories, the reference group comprised those with BMI <24 kg/m².
†Relative risk estimates are conditional on the matching factors (age, sex, general practice, index date, and duration of follow up in GPRD before index date) and adjusted for all other risk factors.
‡Percent of cases exposed (that is, with risk factor) in each stratum (by fracture site and age).
Osteoporosis	Hip/femur	50–79	2.5	185	6.2	3.7
	Hip/femur	⩾80	2.0	293	7.2	3.6
	Patella/tibia/fibula	50–79	1.6	44	2.4	0.9
	Ankle/foot	50–79	1.4	119	2.1	0.6
Parkinsonism	Hip/femur	50–79	3.7	135	4.5	3.3
	Hip/femur	⩾80	1.7	171	4.2	1.7
	Patella/tibia/fibula	⩾80	2.6	17	5.0	3.1
Alcoholism	Hip/femur	50–79	2.6	149	5.0	3.1
	Patella/tibia/fibula	20–49	2.0	101	4.1	2.1
	Patella/tibia/fibula	50–79	2.2	63	3.5	1.9
	Ankle/foot	20–49	1.9	308	3.8	1.8
	Ankle/foot	50–79	1.5	170	3.0	0.9
Cataract	Patella/tibia/fibula	20–49	6.8	7	0.3	0.2
	Ankle/foot	20–49	3.1	16	0.2	0.1
	Ankle/foot	50–79	1.3	169	3.0	0.7
Dementia	Hip/femur	50–79	4.6	151	5.0	3.9
	Hip/femur	⩾80	2.2	408	10.0	5.4
Epilepsy	Hip/femur	20–49	4.0	13	2.9	2.2
	Hip/femur	50–79	3.3	107	3.6	2.5
	Hip/femur	⩾80	1.6	74	1.8	0.7
	Ankle/foot	20–49	1.7	151	1.9	0.7
	Ankle/foot	50–79	1.9	102	1.8	0.8
	Ankle/foot	⩾80	3.7	10	1.9	1.4
Cancer	Hip/femur	50–79	1.7	256	8.5	3.6
Obesity	Patella/tibia/fibula	20–49	1.5	49	2.0	0.7
Rheumatoid arthritis	Hip/femur	50–79	2.4	129	4.3	2.5
	Patella/tibia/fibula	50–79	1.9	45	2.5	1.2
Osteoarthritis	Hip/femur	50–79	1.2	648	21.6	3.7
	Patella/tibia/fibula	20–49	1.9	33	1.4	0.6
	Ankle/foot	20–49	1.4	110	1.4	0.4
	Ankle/foot	50–79	1.2	973	17.0	2.7
Road collisions	Hip/femur	20–49	14.1	15	3.3	3.1
	Patella/tibia/fibula	10–19	28.9	14	1.3	1.3
	Patella/tibia/fibula	20–49	14.7	37	1.5	1.4
	Patella/tibia/fibula	50–79	12.5	21	1.2	1.1
	Ankle/foot	10–19	3.3	12	0.4	0.3
	Ankle/foot	20–49	2.6	37	0.5	0.3
	Ankle/foot	50–79	5.8	21	0.4	0.3
Corticosteroids	Hip/femur	50–79	1.5	119	4.0	1.3
	Ankle/foot	50–79	1.3	87	1.5	0.4
Antipsychotics	Hip/femur	50–79	2.5	117	3.9	2.3
	Hip/femur	⩾80	1.5	240	5.9	2.0
Antidepressants	Hip/femur	50–79	1.5	237	7.9	2.8
	Hip/femur	⩾80	1.5	357	8.7	3.0
	Ankle/foot	20–49	1.3	209	2.6	0.6
Hypnotics/sedatives	Hip/femur	20–49	2.9	16	3.5	2.3
	Ankle/foot	50–79	1.2	282	4.9	0.7
Smoker	Hip/femur	50–79	1.5	483	16.1	5.5
	Hip/femur	⩾80	1.2	231	5.6	1.0
	Ankle/foot	20–49	1.3	1892	23.3	5.2
	Ankle/foot	50–79	1.1	953	16.6	2.0
Ex-smoker	Ankle/foot	50–79	1.2	396	6.9	1.2
Smoking unknown	Hip/femur	50–79	1.3	1,284	42.9	9.0
BMI 24–28	Ankle/foot	20–49	1.2	1366	16.8	2.9
	Ankle/foot	50–79	1.2	1342	23.4	3.8
BMI >28	Ankle/foot	20–49	1.5	998	12.3	3.9
	Ankle/foot	50–79	1.3	1155	20.2	4.3
BMI unknown	Patella/tibia/fibula	20–49	1.2	1305	53.5	9.1