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Original Article
Histories including number of falls may improve risk prediction for certain non-vertebral fractures in older men
  1. K A Faulkner1,
  2. B K S Chan2,
  3. J A Cauley1,
  4. L M Marshall2,
  5. K E Ensrud3,
  6. M L Stefanick4,
  7. E S Orwoll2
  1. 1
    University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
  2. 2
    Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
  3. 3
    Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
  4. 4
    Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
  1. Correspondence to Kimberly A Faulkner, University of Pittsburgh, 130 Desoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15217, USA; kimber.lilac{at}gmail.com

Abstract

Objective: To determine whether information on number of falls on a falls history screen predicts risk of non-vertebral and hip fracture.

Methods: A cohort of 5995 community-dwelling men aged 65 years and older (mean 73.7) was followed over 7.2 years for incident non-vertebral fractures. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) (95% CI) for incident fracture comparing a history of one and two or more falls with no falls. Models were adjusted for age, clinic, body mass index, height, femoral neck bone mineral density and whether the participant had a non-trauma fracture after the age of 50. p⩽0.05 was considered to denote significance.

Results: There were 498 incident non-vertebral fractures (15.5/1000 person-years) and 121 incident hip fractures (3.6/1000 person-years). Compared with men who had had no falls, the risk of non-vertebral and lower extremity fractures was significantly higher in men with one fall (HR = 1.54 (95% CI 1.22 to 1.96) and 1.91 (95% CI 1.36 to 2.67), respectively) and men with two or more falls (HR = 1.81 (95% CI 1.40 to 2.34) and 1.79 (95% CI 1.23 to 2.61), respectively). The risk of head/chest, upper extremity and hip fractures (HR = 2.22 (95% CI 1.42 to 3.49), 2.08 (95% CI 1.01 to 4.28) and 1.79 (95% CI 1.07 to 2.98), respectively) was significantly higher for two or more falls than no falls; however, equivalent risks were not significantly higher (HR = 1.36 (95% CI 0.88 to 2.20), 1.55 (95% CI 0.74 to 3.25) and 1.41 (95% CI 0.87 to 2.27), respectively) comparing men with one fall versus no falls.

Conclusion: Expanding clinical screens to include an assessment of fall frequencies may improve prediction of older men at risk of head/chest, upper extremity and hip fractures.

https://doi.org/10.1136/ip.2009.021915

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    Footnotes

    • Funding The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS) is supported by National Institutes of Health funding. The following institutes provide support: the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), the National Institute on Aging (NIA), the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research under the following grant numbers: U01 AR45580, U01 AR45614, U01 AR45632, U01 AR45647, U01 AR45654, U01 AR45583, U01 AG18197, U01-AG027810 and UL1 RR024140. Other support comes from the Pittsburgh Claude D Pepper Older Americans Independence Center Grant P30 AG024827.

    • Competing interests None.

    • Ethics approval Obtained.

    • Patient consent Obtained.

    • Provenance and Peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.